Philosophies

1 definition found

From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:

  Philosophy \Phi*los"o*phy\ (f[i^]*l[o^]s"[-o]*f[y^]), n.; pl.
     {Philosophies} (f[i^]*l[o^]s"[-o]*f[i^]z). [OE. philosophie,
     F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. filosofi`a. See
     {Philosopher}.]
     1. Literally, the love of, inducing the search after, wisdom;
        in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained


        by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and
        laws.
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     Note: When applied to any particular department of knowledge,
           philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under
           which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating
           to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when
           applied to God and the divine government, is called
           theology; when applied to material objects, it is
           called physics; when it treats of man, it is called
           anthropology and psychology, with which are connected
           logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary
           conceptions and relations by which philosophy is
           possible, it is called metaphysics.
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     Note: "Philosophy has been defined: -- the science of things
           divine and human, and the causes in which they are
           contained; -- the science of effects by their causes;
           -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of
           things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the
           science of things evidently deduced from first
           principles; -- the science of truths sensible and
           abstract; -- the application of reason to its
           legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of
           all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; --
           the science of the original form of the ego, or mental
           self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the
           absolute; -- the science of the absolute indifference
           of the ideal and real." --Sir W. Hamilton.
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     2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the
        hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.
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              [Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. --Chaucer.
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              We shall in vain interpret their words by the
              notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our
              school.                               --Locke.
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     3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment;
        equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune
        with philosophy.
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              Then had he spent all his philosophy. --Chaucer.
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     4. Reasoning; argumentation.
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              Of good and evil much they argued then, . . .
              Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. --Milton.
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     5. The course of sciences read in the schools. --Johnson.
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     6. A treatise on philosophy.
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     {Philosophy of the Academy}, that of Plato, who taught his
        disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy.
  
     {Philosophy of the Garden}, that of Epicurus, who taught in a
        garden in Athens.
  
     {Philosophy of the Lyceum}, that of Aristotle, the founder of
        the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the
        Lyceum at Athens.
  
     {Philosophy of the Porch}, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so
        called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in
        the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.
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