JUSTIFICATIO

1 definition found

From Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856) [bouvier]:

  JUSTIFICATION. The act by which a party accused shows and maintains a good 
  and legal reason in court, why he did the thing he is called upon to answer. 
       2. The subject will be considered by examining, 1. What acts are 
  justifiable. 2. The manner of making the justification. 3. Its effects. 
       3.-1. The acts to be justified are those committed with a warrant, 
  and those committed without a warrant. 1. It is a general rule, that a 


  warrant or execution, issued by a court having jurisdiction, whether the 
  same be right or wrong, justifies the officer to whom it is directed and who 
  is by law required to execute it, and is a complete justification to the 
  officer for obeying its command. But when the warrant is not merely 
  voidable, but is absolutely void, as, for want of jurisdiction in the court 
  which issued it, or by reason of the privilege of the defendant, as in the 
  case of the arrest of an ambassador, who cannot waive his privilege and 
  immunities by submitting to be arrested on such warrant, the officer is no 
  longer justified. 1 Baldw. 240; see 4 Mass. 232; 13 Mass. 286, 334; 14 Mass. 
  210. 2. A person may justify many acts, while acting without any authority 
  from a court or magistrate. He may justifiably, even, take the life of an 
  aggressor, while acting in the defence of himself, his wife, children, and 
  servant, or for the protection of his house, when attacked with a felonious 
  intent, or even for the protection of his personal property. See Self-
  defence. A man may justify what would, otherwise, have been a trespass, an 
  entry on the land of another for various purposes; as, for example, to 
  demand a debt due to him by the owner of the land to remove chattels which 
  belong to him, but this entry must be peaceable; to exercise an incorporeal 
  right; ask for lodging's at an inn. See 15 East, 615, note e; 2 Lill. Ab. 
  134; 15 Vin. Ab. 31; Ham. N. P. 48 to 66; Dane's Ab. Index, h.t.; Entry. It 
  is an ancient principle of the common law, that a trespass may be justified 
  in many cases. Thus: a man may enter on the land of another, to kill a fox 
  or otter, which are beasts against the common profit. 11 H. VIII. 10. So, a 
  house may be pulled down if the adjoining one be on fire, to prevent a 
  greater destruction. 13 H. VIII. 16, b. Tua res agitur paries cum proximus 
  ardet. So, the suburbs of a city may be demolished in time of war, for the 
  good of the commonwealth. 8 Ed. IV. 35, b. So, a man may enter on his 
  neighbor to make a bulwark in defence of the realm. 21 H. VIII. b. So, a 
  house may be broken to arrest a felon. 13 Ed. IV. 9, a; Doder. Eng. Law. 
  219, 220. In a civil action, a man may justify a libel, or slanderous words, 
  by proving their truth, or because the defendant had a right, upon the 
  particular occasion, either to write and publish the writing, or to utter 
  the words; as, when slanderous words are found in a report of a committee of 
  congress, or in an indictment, or words of a slanderous nature are uttered 
  in the course of debate in the legislature by a member, or at the bar, by 
  counsel, when properly instructed by his client on the subject. See Debate; 
  Slander; Com. Dig. Pleader, 2 L 3 to 2 L 7. 
       4.-2. In general, justification must be specially pleaded, and it 
  cannot be given in evidence under the plea of the general issue. 
       5.-3. When the plea of justification is supported by the evidence, it 
  is a complete bar to the action. Vide Excuse.